All PhD degree programs require a total of 90 hours, usually tailored to the needs of the individual student. These include a required a 21-hour sequence of core courses and at least 15 additional hours in advanced and specialty courses. The first two years of graduate study usually focus on this required work. The balance is made up of elective courses, seminars, research, and courses outside the Department, as approved by a student's thesis committee.
A set of written Qualifying Exams and oral and written Specialist Exams must be passed successfully. A student in one of the PhD programs normally makes a first attempt at the written PhD Qualifying Examination after two semesters of graduate work (two attempts may be made).
Finally, the results of an original body of research must be presented as a written dissertation and successfully defended in an oral Final Examination for the PhD degree. In general, well-prepared graduate students with assistantships spend five years working towards their degree. As their program progresses, they devote increasing amounts of time to research, which can begin as early as the first summer of graduate study.